Types waterproofing

Antifiltratsionnaya waterproofing is used for protection against water intrusion into underground and underwater structures (basements and buried the premises of buildings, transportation tunnels, mines, wells and caissons vacational) through the retaining hydraulic structures (dams, their screens , depressed, the diaphragm), as well as to protect against leakage operational and technical or waste waters (canals, tunnels and other waterways, pools, lagoons, reservoirs, etc.).

Corrosion waterproofing is designed to protect the material structures of chemically aggressive liquids and water (mineralized groundwater, seawater, sewage vodypromyshlennyh enterprises), from the aggressive effects of the atmosphere (above-ground metal construction, waterworks in the area of variable water level) and from elektrokorrozii caused by wandering currents (transmission lines, pipelines and other underground metallic structures). In view of the basic material distinguished corrosion waterproofing asphalt, mineral, plastic and metal, by way of devices - painting, plastering, okleechnuyu, cast, impregnating, injecting, Sediment, mounted, on the basic purpose and design features - superficial, key, working on clamping "and" separation ", sealing seams and interfaces, multiple-purpose (teplogidroizolyatsiya, plastic joints).

Waterproofing Paint (hot and cold) is a thin (2 mm) multilayer coating, usually of asphalt and polymer coatings and paints, for protivokapillyarnoy and corrosion protection of reinforced concrete and steel structures. The most reliable hot bitumen-polymer and cold epoxy-rubber coating. The increasing use of new polymer materials are cold-curing.

plaster waterproofing (hot and cold) is a multi-layer (up to 2 cm) surface, the most common for reinforced concrete structures: cement spray, hot and cold asphalt plaster and wax, do not require protective fencing and allow to mechanize the process of applying them. Expanding the use of polymer and of polymer coatings, colloidal grout.

Okleechnaya waterproofing is the label roll materials in the form of a multilayer (usually 3-4 layers) coating the surface with a mandatory defense ties and the walls. Despite the large spread, okleechnaya waterproofing in some cases replaced by paint and plaster waterproofing. It features improved crack resistance, improvement of its moving towards the application of polymer films, glass.

Cast waterproofing - the most reliable type of waterproofing; satisfied, as a rule, hot asphalt mastic and casting their solutions on a horizontal base (in 2-3 layers with a total thickness of 20-25 mm) and fill in wall or formwork for the walls (thickness 30-50 mm), due to the complexity and high cost of running a particularly important cases. The development follows the path of its application asfaltokeramzitobetona, bitumenperlite, penoepoksidov etc. foams.

Sediment waterproofing is arranged back-filling bulk waterproofing materials, water-resistant layers and cavities, such as fences formwork. Similar in design and purpose cast waterproofing, but has a greater thickness (up to 50 cm) and integrated teplogidroizolyatsionnoe appointment (hydrophobic sand and powders, asfaltoizol) with a little water resistance.

Impregnating waterproofing performed by impregnation of building products made of porous materials (concrete slabs and blocks, asbestos cement sheets and pipes, blocks of limestone and travertine) in an organic binder (bitumen, coal tar pitch, petrolatum, polymer paints) . Impregnating waterproofing of the most reliable for prefabricated elements, exposed to intensive mechanical stress (piles, pipe, tubing, foundation blocks).

Injection waterproofing by escalating binder in the seams and cracks in building structures or the adjacent soil by methods similar to the device cutoff curtains, used, usually in the repair of waterproofing. For its devices are increasingly used new polymers (urea, furan resin).

mounted waterproofing is made of specially manufactured elements (metal and plastic sheets, profiled belts), attached to the main construction and assembly constraints. It is used in particularly difficult cases. Improvement of it goes towards the use of fiberglass, rigid PVC, industrial manufacturing of precast concrete products coated in the factory paint or plaster waterproofing. The most common type of constructive waterproofing - surface coatings in combination with the seal deformation or structural joints and the interface, ensuring the continuity of total pressure of the front building.

Surface waterproofing are designed in such a way that they pressed against the pressure of the water to the insulated bearing structure, has also developed new types of structural waterproofing work "for separation. Essential in hydro plants are sealing joints, and they are arranged to make the seams watertight and protect them from contamination of soil, ice and floating bodies. In addition to waterproofing, sealing should also possess a high deformation capability, flexibility, so that they can freely follow the deformations of the connected elements or sections of buildings. The most common types of seals - Asphalt pins and gaskets, metal diaphragm and expansion joints, rubber and plastic diaphragms, gaskets, and molded sealants. Provision is also made extensive use of bitumen-polymer sealants, fiberglass and stekloelastikov, allowing to create more simple and reliable seal. Waterproofing that works "to isolate", performed in the form of coatings to the protected structure by the inverse of the pressure of the water. It is used mainly in the repair and restoration of waterproofing structures (eg, by plastering the inside flooded basement) and for waterproofing of underground structures, supporting structures are concreted up against the surrounding soil or rock foundation - the tunnels, vacational wells, underground space large penetration (with their antifiltratsionnoy protection). For waterproofing of this type are applied waterproofing coating, allowing for anchoring in the basic construction (cast and assembled waterproofing) or having high adhesion to concrete by prolonged exposure of water (spray cement, cold asphalt and epoxy Paint waterproofing).

Penetrating waterproofing : Dry mixes, consisting of cement, silica sand with a certain chemical and granulometric composition of chemically active additives. Dissolved in vodeiony chemically active additives to penetrate micropores in the internal structure of concrete and there are crystallized, as a result of chemical reactions, forming a reliable barrier to the water. Active chemical components that penetrated deep into the body of concrete, dissolves in water, react with calcium ion complexes of aluminum, various oxides and metal salts contained in the concrete. During these reactions are formed more complex salts that can interact with water and creating insoluble crystalline - Education in the form of needle-shaped, randomly placed crystals. The network fills the capillaries of these crystals, micro-cracks and pores of width up to 0,5 mm. The crystals are part of the concrete structure. Through the power of the surface tension of water, the crystals become an insurmountable obstacle in the way of water.

spray waterproofing is used to protect against water penetration of the roof, foundations, pools, basements and underground facilities. Waterproofing spray is a two-component waterproofing system consisting of a base element and a catalyst otvezhdeniya. The coating is applied over the surface by cold spraying, after curing forms a solid membrane. Spray waterproofing has high adhesion to any substrate (steel, concrete, roofing felt), regardless of its topography, has no seams, not flammable, odorless, has a long lifetime [2].

complex of works on waterproofing includes : training grounds, the device waterproofing cover and a protective sheath, sealing joints and couplings waterproofing. When choosing the type of waterproofing favored such coatings, which, with equal reliability and cost, make it possible to mechanize the waterproofing work to eliminate their seasonality.